Today, energy saving is also one of the priorities of policies and companies in dynamic development, as well as in accordance with the general direction of government programs to reduce the cost of production of basic products and increase their production capabilities.Energy protection is now one of the most important tasks for any enterprise that faced especially in the economic crisis during the economic crisis.The technological and economic features of the centralized heating supply of consumers are directly related to heat - heat energy.However, this is not the only factor affecting the features.Effective energy protection can significantly reduce the cost of production and eventually increase the competitiveness in the markets.
There are many different ways to increase the effective use of existing energy sources and opportunities.The sooner the enterprise is beginning to introduce energy application technologies, which will make the positive impact on the special financial indicators of these events."On increasing energy protection and energy efficiency and making changes to certain legislative acts."The law violates the tasks of the implementation of measures aimed at reducing energy costs:
- From January 1, 2010, the Budget Institution, this natural gas, fuel oil, diesel and other fuel oil, thermal energy, electricity, with a decrease of at least three percent, heat energy and other fuel, electricity;
- As of January 1, 2011, the owners of buildings, structures, structures and other facilities are required to fill the equipment of these facilities using water, natural gas, thermal energy, electricity, electricity, electricity, as well as installed measurement devices;
- By May 15, 2010, the state participation of the state, including state and municipalities, is also required to adopt energy protection programs and increase energy efficiency;
- Organizations with the participation of the state, including the participation of state and municipalities, are forced to organize and implement the first energy inspection until December 31, 2012 - at least once in five years.
Energy savings are 2-5 times more than the construction of new opportunities for the production of heat and electricity for the same purposes as a way to provide an increasing need for energy and energy sources.The high growth rate of energy raw materials to support and develop a high growth rate and fuel and energy complex for our people is unacceptable, because labor productivity and payment levels are less than the most developed countries.Price growth rates should not exceed the growth rate of labor productivity.Otherwise, inflation will increase in the country, the extent of energy.The global economic crisis, which seized the almost the world of almost, gave special importance to the growth of energy efficiency, as it creates 8 times more businesses from the ruble of each rubles of high-effective equipment production.The concept of increasing energy energy in the country's economy must be 4 parts:
- Energy protection programs;
- Stabilization of energy prices (manufacturers, trust and mutual relations between consumers and energy sources);
- to increase the role of atomic and non-active renewable energy;
- Development of new energy technologies.
In recent years, radical changes occurred when radical changes in our country, approaching and making changes to psychology, making radically new decisions.The most important of them covers the following: a) cardinal change in the field of law;b) continue to be liberalized in the electricity industry and gas industry;c) Execution of national projects;d) the establishment of a global certificate of the global system of energy opportunities and the power of the network economy;e) Restriction of hydrocarbons.
Efficiency of use of energy resources
Modern large businesses are interested in reducing the cost of products to attract customers.To reduce the price, the whole production chain must be reorganized, the effectiveness of the use of energy resources is checked.It is very important, because in production various energy sources are used.There may be electrical, heating and other sources.There are different methods for more effective use.First of all, a psychological problem with a serious obstacle to the electricity economy is to be solved, ie the economic use of employees is not interested in economic use.Another problem is an unpreparation for reorganizing the entire production process for the effective use of the energy resources of the enterprise.Thus, the process of reducing energy costs is obtained in various ways:
- Reconstruction of the enterprise and all production;
- Steadily reconstruction of the production process;
- Identification of the potential of energy protection;
- implementing programs for efficient use of energy resources;
- Periodic technological research of enterprises.
In large enterprises with energy protection specialists, energy audit programs were drawn up with the participation of experts from regional energy protection centers.Energy test programs in small and medium enterprises were developed by experts from regional or republican energy protection centers.There must be several stages of these programs:
Energy of energy protection potential.At this stage, a detailed examination of energy consumers, seminars, seminars and all enterprises in detail a year before examining the entity for at least 5 years.The information is processed on the computer and mathematical energy consumption models are being built.The latter, the performance of energy consumption, temperature, temperature, quality, etc.
- Consumption of basic types of basic products, both definitely and special, and fuel, electricity, heat and water);
- The consumption of basic energy resources for similar relations, seminars and enterprises of this industry (helps to establish a situation related to energy consumption in analyzed enterprise: good, medium, bad, very bad);
- Energy protection potential expressed by natural (kw · h, gj, t) and money calculation;
- The main ways of reducing energy costs in similar internal and foreign enterprises (achievement, expenses, repayment periods, etc.).
Often a control exam allows you to immediately identify resources in energy saving (eg, electric light does not work properly, loading low equipment, large heating and power loss, etc.).In most cases, you need to manage control profiles information to develop an energy saving strategy.Organization of accounting for energy consumption.Studies show that energy consumption can save the correct organization of accounting, 10% of energy resources without additional measures.The best result is achieved when a central computer, which has a transmission data on power consumption and initial devices (meters and sensors), organizing an energy center in the enterprise, which is a central computer.
Depending on the scale of the enterprise and energy consumption, these elements of the energy center must be selected.Thus, it is economically recommended for large enterprises to create complex and expensive energy centers (metallurgical, chemicals, cars), complex and expensive energy centers.The relatively inexpensive computer, which is a simple program, is suitable for small businesses.Thus, the organization of control over the consumption of energy sources is the stage of rational management management:
- Identifying the energy resources in the enterprise, seminars and units;
- Advanced audit of the detailed accounts of the enterprise of the enterprise with power supply organizations;
- Identify the most energy operating modes of the equipment and keep this mode for as much time as possible;
- Natural (GJ, KNC, etc.) Natural (GJ, KNCC, etc.) Serious quantitative assessment of the efficiency of various energy events.
Preparation and implementation of measures to reduce the consumption of TED. Despite the differences in the structures of industrial plants and their work, potential opportunities for energy protection are like them.Grouped in the following categories:
- Operational and maintenance strategy;
- Strategy for modernization of equipment and technological processes;
- A new, less energy -intensive and new technologies of the existing equipment are a strategy for replacement.
For example, the existing energy consumption of the enterprise before the execution of the energy protection program is adopted for the initial state.Then, based on the analysis of the existing opportunities, control figures are created at the end of each stage of the energy protection program to reduce energy consumption.An important aspect of the implementation of the program is the problem of encouraging employees to implement it.Information on the Energy Protection Program should be in an accessible form that is brought to all performers with this participation.All program executors must know that they will receive a true reward in the implementation of stages.When developing energy savings in PP, it is necessary to remember that the deposits are the following areas:
- Save Ter by improving power supply;
- Deposits by improving energy.
These measures are developed by energy engineers.The main ones:
The correct choice of energy carriers.Each process requires an energy carrier that provides the greatest energy and economic effect.For example, it should be used directly from fuel and electrical temperature for stoves and heating plants;For blacksmithing and topical equipment-electric, compressed air and steam (if in the enterprise).Energy type options are selected by comparing and comprehensive the following factors:
- Technology requirements (change in the quality of products, consumption of raw materials, etc.);
- Economic differences in the design and operating conditions of the equipment;
- Comparative energy costs;
- availability of necessary equipment;
- necessary time to replace equipment;
- The economic impact of the use of the use, the value of environmental measures.
The costs of choices viewed are determined by z = emergency + IP + Eudpzud.e - δδZI,
KP, without taking into account the costs of capital expenditures for this technological installation;IP - Operating costs without energy component;Eud - Special consumption of energy resources;P - annual production of products;Zud - Special energy costs above;I - The effect of the use of the verse.For existing enterprises, the costs of events are allowed to assess the comparable choices for current energy tariffs when the cost of enterprises.
- Reduction of the number of energy transformations.As the energy change is associated with losses, the less consistent transformation of energy is higher than the total efficiency.For example, it is recommended to replace the economically, wherever the compressed air is possible due to technological conditions.
- Development of rational energy saving schemes.The plant's energy protection scheme is a complex complex of individual energy carriers and often replaced.The development of the comprehensive energy supply, the development of the technology will show the resources of deposit, taking into account the technologically necessary parameters of all energy, and show the sequence of their implementation.
- Automation of power supply units.This includes measures such as the automation of heating sections, boilers, substations, and various engine parameters of various engines and parliament.
- Improving the quality of energy resources.In the settings of energy resources (pressure, temperature, humidity, sulfur, ash, electricity, etc.
Thermal energy loss is technologically classified;Trade;ambulance.This figure is calculated last year in the enterprise for a heating season, taking into account the cost of production and climatic conditions.The percentage of losses depends on the nature of networks, temperature schedules, pressure, atmospheric temperature.